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One Biblical mystery which has long intrigued me concerns
the identity of the Twenty-Four Elders who are mentioned in
the Book of Revelation. In that Book, we find the following
verses where these Twenty-Four Elders are discussed:

"And round about the throne were four and twenty seats: and
upon the seats I saw four and twenty elders sitting, clothed
in white raiment; and they had on their heads crowns of gold
. . . The four and twenty elders fall down before him that
sat on the throne, and worship him that liveth for ever and
ever, and cast their crowns before the throne, saying,"
Revelation 4:4, 10, KJV

"And when he had taken the book, the four beasts and four
and twenty elders fell down before the Lamb, having every
one of them harps, and golden vials full of odours, which
are the prayers of saints . . . And the four beasts said,
Amen. And the four and twenty elders fell down and
worshipped him that liveth for ever and ever."
Revelation 5:8, 14, KJV

"And the four and twenty elders, which sat before God on
their seats, fell upon their faces, and worshipped God,"
Revelation 11:16, KJV

"And the four and twenty elders and the four beasts fell
down and worshipped God that sat on the throne, saying,
Amen; Alleluia."
Revelation 19:4, KJV

Concerning the previous verses, for a number of years now, I
have personally embraced two possible theories. The first of
these theories is that the Twenty-Four Elders may possibly
be comprised of the original heads of the Twelve Tribes of
Israel, as well as the Twelve Apostles. In my view, the main
reason why this particular theory has some degree of merit,
is because it would effectively represent the original
leadership of the Old Testament Church, as well as the
original leadership of the New Testament Church. In short,
in this way, the Twenty-Four Elders would symbolize God's
Church across the entire span of Biblical history, and it
would represent a balance of power in the Courts of Heaven
as well.

As you may already know, the original heads of the Twelve
Tribes of Israel were in fact the twelve sons who were born
to the Patriarch Jacob, who himself later became known as
Israel. The names of these twelve sons were Asher, Benjamin,
Dan, Gad, Issachar, Joseph, Judah, Levi, Naphtali, Reuben,
Simeon, and Zebulun. Consider the following verses:

". . . Now the sons of Jacob were twelve: The sons of Leah;
Reuben, Jacob's firstborn, and Simeon, and Levi, and Judah,
and Issachar, and Zebulun: The sons of Rachel; Joseph, and
Benjamin: And the sons of Bilhah, Rachel's handmaid; Dan,
and Naphtali: And the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid; Gad,
and Asher: these are the sons of Jacob, which were born to
him in Padanaram."
Genesis 35:22b-26, KJV

"All these are the twelve tribes of Israel: and this is it
that their father spake unto them, and blessed them; every
one according to his blessing he blessed them."
Genesis 49:28, KJV

"And Moses wrote all the words of the LORD, and rose up
early in the morning, and builded an altar under the hill,
and twelve pillars, according to the twelve tribes of
Israel."
Exodus 24:4, KJV

"And thou shalt make the breastplate of judgment with
cunning work; after the work of the ephod thou shalt make
it; of gold, of blue, and of purple, and of scarlet, and of
fine twined linen, shalt thou make it. Foursquare it shall
be being doubled; a span shall be the length thereof, and a
span shall be the breadth thereof. And thou shalt set in it
settings of stones, even four rows of stones: the first row
shall be a sardius, a topaz, and a carbuncle: this shall be
the first row. And the second row shall be an emerald, a
sapphire, and a diamond. And the third row a ligure, an
agate, and an amethyst. And the fourth row a beryl, and an
onyx, and a jasper: they shall be set in gold in their
inclosings. And the stones shall be with the names of the
children of Israel, twelve, according to their names, like
the engravings of a signet; every one with his name shall
they be according to the twelve tribes."
Exodus 28:15-21, KJV

"These are those that were numbered, which Moses and Aaron
numbered, and the princes of Israel, being twelve men: each
one was for the house of his fathers."
Numbers 1:44, KJV

"And he gave him the covenant of circumcision: and so
Abraham begat Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day; and
Isaac begat Jacob; and Jacob begat the twelve patriarchs."
Acts 7:8, KJV

"And he [Joseph] dreamed yet another dream, and told it his
brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more;
and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made
obeisance to me. And he told it to his father, and to his
brethren: and his father rebuked him, and said unto him,
What is this dream that thou hast dreamed? Shall I and thy
mother and thy brethren indeed come to bow down ourselves to
thee to the earth? And his brethren envied him; but his
father observed the saying."
Genesis 37:9-11, KJV

"And there appeared a great wonder in heaven; a woman
clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon
her head a crown of twelve stars:"
Revelation 12:1, KJV

Also worthy of note for our current discussion are the two
sons of Joseph; that is, Manasseh and Ephraim, who were born
to Joseph by his Egyptian wife, Asenath, who was the daughter
of Potipherah, who was the priest of On. In fact, the Bible
informs us that Jacob counted Joseph's two sons -- Manasseh
and Ephraim -- as sons of his own flesh. Consider the
following verses:

"And Pharaoh called Joseph's name Zaphnathpaaneah; and he
gave him to wife Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of
On. And Joseph went out over all the land of Egypt . . . And
unto Joseph were born two sons before the years of famine
came, which Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of On
bare unto him."
Genesis 41:45, 50, KJV

"And unto Joseph in the land of Egypt were born Manasseh and
Ephraim, which Asenath the daughter of Potipherah priest of
On bare unto him."
Genesis 46:20, KJV

"And now thy two sons, Ephraim and Manasseh, which were born
unto thee in the land of Egypt before I came unto thee into
Egypt, are mine; as Reuben and Simeon, they shall be mine."
Genesis 48:5, KJV

While there are a variety of Biblical reasons why the sons of
Joseph are important, one of them is the fact that in chapter
seven of the Book of Revelation, when twelve thousand members
of each of the Twelve Tribes of Israel are marked with the
Seal of God in their foreheads, in order that they can escape
from the Wrath of God, the Tribe of Dan is not mentioned,
while the Tribe of Manasses -- which is the Greek form of the
Hebrew name Manasseh -- is mentioned. Consider these verses:

"And I saw another angel ascending from the east, having the
seal of the living God: and he cried with a loud voice to
the four angels, to whom it was given to hurt the earth and
the sea, Saying, Hurt not the earth, neither the sea, nor
the trees, till we have sealed the servants of our God in
their foreheads. And I heard the number of them which were
sealed: and there were sealed an hundred and forty and four
thousand of all the tribes of the children of Israel. Of the
tribe of Juda were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of
Reuben were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Gad were
sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Aser were sealed
twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Nepthalim were sealed
twelve thousand. Of the tribe of Manasses were sealed twelve
thousand. Of the tribe of Simeon were sealed twelve
thousand. Of the tribe of Levi were sealed twelve thousand.
Of the tribe of Issachar were sealed twelve thousand. Of the
tribe of Zabulon were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe
of Joseph were sealed twelve thousand. Of the tribe of
Benjamin were sealed twelve thousand."
Revelation 7:2-8, KJV

Not only is the Tribe of Dan not mentioned in the previous
verses from the Book of Revelation, but neither is Joseph's
younger son, Ephraim, mentioned. As I first pointed out a
number of years ago, the reason why neither the descendants
of Dan nor Ephraim are sealed in the Book of Revelation, may
be due to the fact that both Tribes lost their blessing, as
well as their inheritance, because they backslid from the
Lord, and fell into very serious idolatry, from which they
apparently never recovered. If you refer to my series "The
Fruits Of Disobedience", you will discover that as a result
of their sins against the Lord, the people of the northern
kingdom of Israel -- which was also known as Ephraim -- were
dispersed, and carried away into captivity by the Assyrians,
after refusing to heed to the warnings of such Prophets as
Isaiah. It is in part based upon this event that a certain
sector of Bible teachers and students promote the belief in
the "Lost Tribes of Israel".

Concerning the Tribe of Dan, according to an account that is
found in the pages of the Book of Judges, the people of the
Tribe of Dan fell away from the Lord when they attempted to
claim their inheritance, and encountered an individual by the
name of Micah. This was not the Prophet Micah, but rather an
idol worshipper who had secured the services of a Levite. You
can read the full account in Judges 17:1-13 through Judges
18:1-31. Notice in particular as you read the account, that
it uses phrases such as "graven image", "molten image", and
"Ye have taken away my gods". Obviously, these were practices
which were strictly prohibited by the Lord since the giving
of the Commandments at Mount Sinai, as we see by these verses:

"Thou shalt have no other gods before me. Thou shalt not make
unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that
is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that
is in the water under the earth: Thou shalt not bow down
thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a
jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the
children unto the third and fourth generation of them that
hate me;"
Exodus 20:3-5, KJV

That the Lord continued to be very upset with the Tribes of
Ephraim and Dan long after the aforementioned events occurred
is evident by the following words which were recorded by the
Old Testament Prophets, Hosea and Amos. Consider first what
the Lord said about Ephraim:

"When I would have healed Israel, then the iniquity of
Ephraim was discovered, and the wickedness of Samaria: for
they commit falsehood; and the thief cometh in, and the
troop of robbers spoileth without. And they consider not in
their hearts that I remember all their wickedness: now their
own doings have beset them about; they are before my face.
They make the king glad with their wickedness, and the
princes with their lies. They are all adulterers, as an oven
heated by the baker, who ceaseth from raising after he hath
kneaded the dough, until it be leavened. In the day of our
king the princes have made him sick with bottles of wine; he
stretched out his hand with scorners. For they have made
ready their heart like an oven, whiles they lie in wait:
their baker sleepeth all the night; in the morning it
burneth as a flaming fire. They are all hot as an oven, and
have devoured their judges; all their kings are fallen:
there is none among them that calleth unto me. Ephraim, he
hath mixed himself among the people; Ephraim is a cake not
turned. Strangers have devoured his strength, and he knoweth
it not: yea, gray hairs are here and there upon him, yet he
knoweth not. And the pride of Israel testifieth to his face:
and they do not return to the LORD their God, nor seek him
for all this. Ephraim also is like a silly dove without
heart: they call to Egypt, they go to Assyria. When they
shall go, I will spread my net upon them; I will bring them
down as the fowls of the heaven; I will chastise them, as
their congregation hath heard. Woe unto them! for they have
fled from me: destruction unto them! because they have
transgressed against me: though I have redeemed them, yet
they have spoken lies against me. And they have not cried
unto me with their heart, when they howled upon their beds:
they assemble themselves for corn and wine, and they rebel
against me. Though I have bound and strengthened their arms,
yet do they imagine mischief against me. They return, but
not to the most High: they are like a deceitful bow: their
princes shall fall by the sword for the rage of their
tongue: this shall be their derision in the land of Egypt."
Hosea 7:1-16, KJV

Likewise, the Lord had some very choice words to say about
backslidden Dan as well, as we see by the following verses:

"Behold, the days come, saith the Lord GOD, that I will send
a famine in the land, not a famine of bread, nor a thirst
for water, but of hearing the words of the LORD: And they
shall wander from sea to sea, and from the north even to the
east, they shall run to and fro to seek the word of the
LORD, and shall not find it. In that day shall the fair
virgins and young men faint for thirst. They that swear by
the sin of Samaria, and say, Thy god, O Dan, liveth; and,
The manner of Beersheba liveth; even they shall fall, and
never rise up again."
Amos 8:11-14, KJV

Obviously, the phrase "Thy god, O Dan, liveth" isn't referring
to the true God of Heaven, but rather, it is referring to the
host of false gods that were foolishly embraced by the Danites
beginning with the incident that is described in the previous
verses from the Book of Judges. It is interesting to point out
that prior to his death, when the Patriarch Jacob bestowed his
blessings upon his twelve sons, he said something which might
indicate that Jacob may have been aware of the fact that Dan
would eventually fall away from the Lord, and follow after the
Prince of Darkness; that is, that subtle serpent Satan. If we
turn to Genesis chapter forty-nine, we find Jacob saying the
following concerning the future fate of the Tribe of Dan:

"Dan shall be a serpent by the way, an adder in the path,
that biteth the horse heels, so that his rider shall fall
backward."
Genesis 49:17, KJV

If the previous verse seems vaguely familiar to you, it may
be because the Lord also said something similar to Satan in
the very first Book of the Bible, after he had caused Adam
and Eve to fall from Grace. Consider this:

"And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast
done this, thou art cursed above all cattle, and above every
beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust
shalt thou eat all the days of thy life: And I will put
enmity between thee and the woman, and between thy seed and
her seed; it shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt bruise
his heel."
Genesis 3:14-15, KJV

There may possibly be an even greater connection between the
previous two sets of verses and Endtime prophecy, but being
as it is deeply in the realm of Biblical speculation, I
will forego discussing it for now, until such time when I can
either confirm -- or refute -- what I have heard.

At any rate, based upon the previous Scriptural evidence, it
seems then that because of the ancient sins of the two Tribes
of Ephraim and Dan, that the Tribe of Manasseh became sort of
a replacement Tribe for both Dan and Ephraim in the Book of
Revelation. As we've seen, while a certain percentage of the
aforementioned Tribes are promised protection from the Wrath
of God through receiving the Seal of God in their foreheads
-- that is, twelve thousand members from each Tribe -- the
descendants of the Tribes of Dan and Ephraim are not given
this same promise of protection. As we read in the Epistle
to the Hebrews:

"It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living
God."
Hebrews 10:31, KJV

So far, we have established that the original leaders of the
Twelve Tribes of Israel -- the twelve sons of Jacob -- might
possibly represent half of the Twenty-Four Elders who we find
mentioned in the Book of Revelation. We can view these twelve
men as the original leaders of the Old Testament Church. The
other half of the Twenty-Four Elders, as I noted earlier, may
possibly be represented by the Twelve Apostles, who were the
leaders of the New Testament Church. Following are various
sets of verses which give an account of the selection of the
Twelve Apostles by the Lord, as well as some related verses
that are found in the Book of Revelation:

"And when he had called unto him his twelve disciples, he
gave them power against unclean spirits, to cast them out,
and to heal all manner of sickness and all manner of
disease. Now the names of the twelve apostles are these; The
first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother;
James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother; Philip, and
Bartholomew; Thomas, and Matthew the publican; James the son
of Alphaeus, and Lebbaeus, whose surname was Thaddaeus;
Simon the Canaanite, and Judas Iscariot, who also betrayed
him."
Matthew 10:1-4, KJV

"And he goeth up into a mountain, and calleth unto him whom
he would: and they came unto him. And he ordained twelve,
that they should be with him, and that he might send them
forth to preach, And to have power to heal sicknesses, and
to cast out devils: And Simon he surnamed Peter; And James
the son of Zebedee, and John the brother of James; and he
surnamed them Boanerges, which is, The sons of thunder: And
Andrew, and Philip, and Bartholomew, and Matthew, and
Thomas, and James the son of Alphaeus, and Thaddaeus, and
Simon the Canaanite, And Judas Iscariot, which also betrayed
him: and they went into an house."
Mark 3:13-19, KJV

"And it came to pass in those days, that he went out into a
mountain to pray, and continued all night in prayer to God.
And when it was day, he called unto him his disciples: and
of them he chose twelve, whom also he named apostles; Simon,
(whom he also named Peter,) and Andrew his brother, James
and John, Philip and Bartholomew, Matthew and Thomas, James
the son of Alphaeus, and Simon called Zelotes, And Judas the
brother of James, and Judas Iscariot, which also was the
traitor."
Luke 6:12-16, KJV

"Ye are they which have continued with me in my temptations.
And I appoint unto you a kingdom, as my Father hath
appointed unto me; That ye may eat and drink at my table in
my kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of
Israel."
Luke 22:28-30, KJV

"And Jesus said unto them, Verily I say unto you, That ye
which have followed me, in the regeneration when the Son of
man shall sit in the throne of his glory, ye also shall sit
upon twelve thrones, judging the twelve tribes of Israel."
Matthew 19:28, KJV

"And had a wall great and high, and had twelve gates, and at
the gates twelve angels, and names written thereon, which
are the names of the twelve tribes of the children of
Israel: On the east three gates; on the north three gates;
on the south three gates; and on the west three gates. And
the wall of the city had twelve foundations, and in them the
names of the twelve apostles of the Lamb . . . And the
twelve gates were twelve pearls; every several gate was of
one pearl: and the street of the city was pure gold, as it
were transparent glass."
Revelation 21:12-14, 21, KJV

As I stated at the beginning of this article, the idea that
the original heads of the Twelve Tribes of Israel, as well
as the Twelve Apostles, may possibly be represented by the
Twenty-Four Elders who are mentioned in Revelation, is just
one of two theories which I have personally pondered over
the years. Depending on your personal perspective regarding
God's plan for the Jews, as well as your understanding of
the Book of Revelation, you may or may not find the second
theory of equal merit. In fact, you may even find it more
convincing than the first theory. The essence of my second
theory is that the Twenty-Four Elders may possibly represent
the Jewish priesthood which was established during the Old
Testament period. In the New Testament, we find one hint
concerning the structure of this priesthood in the following
verses:

"There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judaea, a
certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and
his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was
Elisabeth. And they were both righteous before God, walking
in all the commandments and ordinances of the Lord blameless.
And they had no child, because that Elisabeth was barren, and
they both were now well stricken in years. And it came to
pass, that while he executed the priest's office before God
in the order of his course, According to the custom of the
priest's office, his lot was to burn incense when he went
into the temple of the Lord."
Luke 1:5, KJV

What precisely is this "course of Abia" to which the writer
Luke is referring? According to the Greek lexicon, the term
"course of" is derived from the Greek word "ephemeria". It's
defined as "a service limited to a stated series of days".
The lexicon then goes on to say "the class or course itself
of priests who for a week at a time performed the duties of
the priestly office. David divided the priests into twenty
four classes, each of which in its turn discharged the duties
of the office for an entire week, from sabbath to sabbath".
Concerning the name "Abia" -- which is the Greek form of the
Hebrew "Abijah" -- the Greek lexicon also states "A priest,
the head of a priestly family from whom when David divided
the priests into 24 classes, Abia was the 8th order".

We can confirm what is stated in the Greek lexicon simply by
turning to the Old Testament. In the Book of 1 Chronicles,
chapter twenty-four, we discover the precise organization
that King David established for the priestly services, which
were then carried on by his son, Solomon, after the Temple
had been built. In the following verses, the account begins
by explaining to us how the priest's office was first carried
on by Eleazar and Ithamar -- two of the sons of Aaron -- and
then by the descendants of Eleazar and Ithamar, until the
time of King David, when David appointed Zadok and Ahimelech,
who were likewise direct descendants of Moses and Aaron:

"Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons
of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. But Nadab
and Abihu died before their father, and had no children:
therefore Eleazar and Ithamar executed the priest's office.
And David distributed them, both Zadok of the sons of
Eleazar, and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar, according to
their offices in their service. And there were more chief men
found of the sons of Eleazar than of the sons of Ithamar; and
thus were they divided. Among the sons of Eleazar there were
sixteen chief men of the house of their fathers, and eight
among the sons of Ithamar according to the house of their
fathers. Thus were they divided by lot, one sort with
another; for the governors of the sanctuary, and governors of
the house of God, were of the sons of Eleazar, and of the
sons of Ithamar. And Shemaiah the son of Nethaneel the
scribe, one of the Levites, wrote them before the king, and
the princes, and Zadok the priest, and Ahimelech the son of
Abiathar, and before the chief of the fathers of the priests
and Levites: one principal household being taken for Eleazar,
and one taken for Ithamar. Now the first lot came forth to
Jehoiarib, the second to Jedaiah, The third to Harim, the
fourth to Seorim, The fifth to Malchijah, the sixth to
Mijamin, The seventh to Hakkoz, the eighth to Abijah, The
ninth to Jeshua, the tenth to Shecaniah, The eleventh to
Eliashib, the twelfth to Jakim, The thirteenth to Huppah, the
fourteenth to Jeshebeab, The fifteenth to Bilgah, the
sixteenth to Immer, The seventeenth to Hezir, the eighteenth
to Aphses, The nineteenth to Pethahiah, the twentieth to
Jehezekel, The one and twentieth to Jachin, the two and
twentieth to Gamul, The three and twentieth to Delaiah, the
four and twentieth to Maaziah. These were the orderings of
them in their service to come into the house of the LORD,
according to their manner, under Aaron their father, as the
LORD God of Israel had commanded him."
1 Chronicles 24:1-19, KJV

Thus we see the twenty-four priestly courses that King David
established in Israel, which was continued by King Solomon,
and by later Israelite kings as well. For example, during
the reign of King Josiah -- who was one of the good kings of
Israel -- we find the following verses which reflect back on
the order which was first established by David and Solomon:

"Moreover Josiah kept a passover unto the LORD in Jerusalem:
and they killed the passover on the fourteenth day of the
first month. And he set the priests in their charges, and
encouraged them to the service of the house of the LORD, And
said unto the Levites that taught all Israel, which were holy
unto the LORD, Put the holy ark in the house which Solomon
the son of David king of Israel did build; it shall not be a
burden upon your shoulders: serve now the LORD your God, and
his people Israel, And prepare yourselves by the houses of
your fathers, after your courses, according to the writing of
David king of Israel, and according to the writing of Solomon
his son."
2 Chronicles 35:1-4, KJV

One verse that may possibly cause a small degree of confusion
in the minds of certain Bible students is the following. If
you read the surrounding verses, you will see that it is an
account of how King Solomon had the Ark of the Covenant moved
into the Holy of Holies within the recently-completed temple:

"And it came to pass, when the priests were come out of the
holy place: (for all the priests that were present were
sanctified, and did not then wait by course:"
2 Chronicles 5:11, KJV

At first glance, the phrase "did not then wait by course" may
seem to indicate that the twenty-four priestly courses hadn't
been established yet; however, I believe that what the verse
is actually saying, is that in this one particular instance,
due to the magnitude of the event and the number of offerings
that were required, all of the priests had been sanctified as
a group in order to meet the needs of the people. In other
words, the usual protocol of serving one-by-one for a seven
day period was ignored during this particular occasion.

Considering the length of the lunar year -- which is what
the people of Israel followed at the time -- one may wonder
how twenty-four priests could cover the services that would
be required for an entire year, if each one only served one
time from sabbath to sabbath. There are two possibilities.
The first is that each priest actually served two courses
during the year. However, the following verses -- which are
actually a continuation of the verses that I shared with you
earlier -- suggest that other descendants of Levi -- which
was Israel's priestly tribe -- may have partaken in the
priestly services as well:

"And the rest of the sons of Levi were these: Of the sons of
Amram; Shubael: of the sons of Shubael; Jehdeiah. Concerning
Rehabiah: of the sons of Rehabiah, the first was Isshiah. Of
the Izharites; Shelomoth: of the sons of Shelomoth; Jahath.
And the sons of Hebron; Jeriah the first, Amariah the second,
Jahaziel the third, Jekameam the fourth. Of the sons of
Uzziel; Michah: of the sons of Michah; Shamir. The brother of
Michah was Isshiah: of the sons of Isshiah; Zechariah. The
sons of Merari were Mahli and Mushi: the sons of Jaaziah;
Beno. The sons of Merari by Jaaziah; Beno, and Shoham, and
Zaccur, and Ibri. Of Mahli came Eleazar, who had no sons.
Concerning Kish: the son of Kish was Jerahmeel. The sons also
of Mushi; Mahli, and Eder, and Jerimoth. These were the sons
of the Levites after the house of their fathers. These
likewise cast lots over against their brethren the sons of
Aaron in the presence of David the king, and Zadok, and
Ahimelech, and the chief of the fathers of the priests and
Levites, even the principal fathers over against their
younger brethren."
1 Chronicles 24:20-31, KJV

Please go to part two for the conclusion of this article.

⇒ Go To The Next Part . . .

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